Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- essays research pap

The play depicts the feelings and thoughts of the people of their time. Their feelings are different then what we see today in our lives. The family had to deal with poverty and racism. Not having enough money and always being put down because of the color of their skin held them back from having a lot of self-respect and dignity. I think that Mama was the one who had the most pride and held the family together. Ruth was being prevented from having a baby because of money problems, Walter was bringing him self down by trying to make the liquor store idea work. Once Mama decided to buy the house with the money she had received, Walter figured that he should further go on with the liquor store idea. Then, when Walter lost the money, he lost his dignity and tried to get some money from the â€Å"welcome party† of Cylborne Park. Mama forced him to realize how far he went by making him show himself to his son how low he would go. But he showed that he wasn’t susceptible to the ways the racism created. Raisin In the Sun Dreams can be seen in many ways. A dream could be something you had in the night that seems so real, or a dream could be your fantasy, where everything is going your way. The last type of dream is something that has more of a deep sense and plays an important role in your life. The type the dream the Younger family had. Each individual had their own hopes and anticipated something. Walter and his chance to be big and important with his liquor store, Beneatha and becomin...

Childrens Drawings

What do children’s drawings tell us about children’s minds? The topic of children’s drawings and their relation to a child’s cognitive processes, particularly thoughts is a topic of great interest. It is widely believed that children often express feelings, thoughts and messages which they cannot express through words through drawing pictures. This essay reviews previous research conducted on children’s drawings and aims to assess what exactly it tells us about their minds and what messages they are putting down in drawings.Following an overview of drawing and the cognitive development, this essay evaluates a selection of relevant research studies into children’s drawings and minds and aims to understand some specific symbols which are often drawn by young children and the meaning of these graphic images. According to Thomas & Silk (1990), children’s drawings have a variety of different purposes varying from bringing pleasure and enjoy ment to themselves, decorating walls and expressing feelings and showing others how they feel about certain objects or people. N. R.Smith (1973) believes that the child begins the drawing with no intention or symbolisation, but as the drawing progresses a pattern is made and the child sees a representation and then proceeds to make the rest of the drawing shift towards this representation and builds on that. The basic pattern of children’s development of drawings begins at scribbles which appear from 12 months. The scribbles are non-representational and just involve the progressive control of movement. These scribbles tend to be viewed as gestures rather than drawing in true sense of the world according to Vygotsky.Arnheim (1956) believes that the earliest scribbles are a motor impulse, this simply means the child has no intention to draw a representation of an object or event it is just a coincidence. They begin to progress from 20 months of age where the scribbles being to become representational and the marks stand for whole objects. Cognitive psychologists tend to search these scribbles for visual resemblance where they attempt to make some sense of it. There is often some intended meaning within the scribbles, for example dots representing foot prints but not true representation.Symbolic pictures start to appear around 3 years of age where children begin to understand that pictures represent objects and begin to start drawing simple pictures of people. Over time more realistic pictures are drawn around 5/6 years old and at 6/7 years old children begin to use size, position and composition to show depth, those of which allow more natural representations of the real world and tend to have a more significant meaning. Luquet (1927) and later on Piaget & Inhelder (1969) invented the Stage Theory of Drawing.This is the belief that drawings are external representations of the child’s internal model which is their mental picture. The stage theory co nsists of four stages. The first stage is fortuitous realism which occurs at 1. 5-2. 5 years old and consists of labelling objects in scribbles. The second stage is failed realism (2/5-5 years old), representational intention but tends to be inaccurate. The third stage being intellectual realism (5-8 years old), drawing what the child knows rather than what they see and the fourth stage, visual realism which is beyond 8 years old which is where the child actually draws what they see.There has been evidence to back up the stage theory, for example Freeman & Janikoun (1972) conducted a study in 1972 on 5-7 year olds. They were asked to draw a mug in front of them which had the handle out of view. Results found that under 8 year olds who would be in the intellectual stage drew the mug which included the hidden parts as they would be drawing what they knew, whereas the 8 year olds and over who would be in the Visual stage drew only what they could see.However the stage theory has been c riticised for the stages being too rigid leading to underestimating the child’s ability. Barret, Beaumont & Jennett (1985) also found that instructions can have an impact on the child’s drawing. They found that if children were given standard instructions, i. e. just telling them to draw what they can see, only 11% of drawings would be correct whereas if they were given explicit instructions, i. e. draw exactly what they can see and look at it very carefully in order to draw it as you see, 65% of drawings were correct.It is also argue that the stage theory can vary over different cultures. The human figure is a drawing particularly investigated as it is regarded to be a way in which children express something about themselves. Researchers believe they can explain a child’s personality and their current emotional state. Tests were created to investigate this, for example the Kinetic Family Drawings Test claimed to measure how children felt about the topics in the drawing and their wider environment.However further research was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of this test and results proved to be quite poor meaning the test was not a reliable indicator of children’s emotions and drawings. However it is the more recent research which is providing evidence that children’s drawings do show children’s feelings as they tend to focus more on particular drawing styles, drawing size and colour which show that the drawings can be investigated systematically (Burkitt, 2004).This can cause some confusion though because it is difficult to understand what aspect of emotion a child is conveying through a large or small figure, however as this topic is increasingly looked it, it is coming to the conclusion that if the child is feeling happy and feels positive towards the figure they are drawing then the figure size tends to be larger whereas a smaller figure will be used if the child is feeling negative. This is useful in understanding how children are feeling simply by analysing their drawings.Children’s drawings are often described as a mirror of a child’s representational development, meaning that as children grow older they develop more complex and representational strategies of drawing. These are also furthermore differentiated by gender. A study conducted by Cherney et al. (2006) collected drawings from 109 5-13 year olds of the child’s family and school. The results showed significant age and gender differences revolving around the amount of detail included in the drawings of the school showing that females included more.The drawings also showed stereotypical drawings between males and females pictures showing that genders represent families differently. The drawings of the families suggested that the female’s drawings may represent their experiences with family relationships and they tend to value these relationships more than males. These results also showed t hat with age, the drawings became more realistic which supports the findings of several previous studies on drawing development with age leading to more representational drawings.Girls also drew the female figures taller than the boys which may be reflective of how she feels about the relationships in her life and that she values her fellow female friends more dearly. The taller figures can also indicate high self-esteem. It is suggested that differences in motor skills may confound the findings. The colours used in children’s drawings can also help play a part in discovering the child’s mind. For example Dr Winter (2006) states that when a child draws in dark colours such as black and grey, it does not immediately mean that there is something wrong with the child, however if the child is onstantly using black, grey and other dark colours in favour of other brighter, cheerful colours, it could suggest the child has some sort of problem which is worth investigating. A s tudy by E. Burkitt & A. Davis (2003) was conducted to investigate the use of children’s colour choice in drawings and how these colours related to what they thought of the drawings. It consisted of 330 4-11 year olds. It was found that children used the colours which they preferred more to colour in the objects they thought to be nice and used their least favourite colours for the objects they thought to be nasty.It was also found that the colour black was the most frequently used colour used for the negative images. These findings help interpret children’s drawings just by looking at what colours are used and this will help give an understanding of the child’s thoughts on the object. So in general children’s drawings which use bright and bold colours tend to be viewed as positive and assume the child is experience happy cognitions whereas when a child uses dark colours it is assumed that the child may be experiencing distress and negative cognitions.Howe ver Burkitt (2003) criticised this and argued that when a child uses a dark colour it may not necessarily mean they are expressing a negative attitude, it could simply be that the child favours this colour and they want to express this in their drawing by using their favourite colour. The things that children may not be able to tell themselves can often be found through interpretations and observations of their drawings of graphic symbols.Previous research found the main and clearest signs found in drawings are over sized ears without earrings which could suggest the child is experiencing some sort of verbal abuse in their life, big hands in a drawing suggest that the child is experiencing some sort of physical abuse and aggression, if a drawing of a person has no mouth it is suggested that the child finds it difficult to communicate and drawings of a person with jagged teeth, spiked fingers and hair relate to aggressive behaviour.However to properly interpret children’s draw ings, these patterns must be consistent over time and not just occur once otherwise it is highly likely it will have no meaning or representation and is just a random occurrence with significance at all. Wales believes that as we begin to summarize characteristics of children’s drawings and watch them develop and change throughout childhood we soon see that the observations that are made on the hildren’s drawings are in fact the product of our own interpretations and what we believe the picture is showing. The question of how children draw pictures which differ so much from adults is a major question which often causes debates such as is there actually a message there or is it just a typical child’s drawing which has no significance or meaning whatsoever.Many questions arise involving this research area once people attempt to make sense of children’s drawings, however many people believe children’s drawings should be left as they are without invest igation as they believe it is mysterious and imaginative. The research looked into for this essay has shown that the main indicators used in children’s drawings which help to understand children’s thoughts, messages and emotions are the colours used and the figure size.The research into children’s drawings in relation to children’s minds has found many results showing that drawings do relate to the child’s cognitions however all research into interpreting children’s drawings and what it tells us about their minds can be criticised because it could just be that the child enjoys drawing something particular and their decision to draw what they are drawing is always influenced by their own knowledge of the object and their own thoughts and interpretations on the object and what bits are important about it.The drawing is a representation of how the child sees the world themselves and it is thought that to alter this information by adding adult i nterpretations and to investigate more into it is a shame. As the child’s cognition capacity increasing, children are more able to express representations as they move from simple drawings, to complex drawings. It is difficult to conclude whether these drawings actually represent something to the child or whether it is simply our own interpretations and representations. References Barret, Beaumont & Jennett. (1985).The effect of instructions on view-specificity in young children’s drawing and picture selection. The British Psychological Society, 8 (4), 393-400. Burkitt, E. & Davis, A. (2003). Children’s colour choices for completing drawings of affectively characterised topics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 44, 445-455. Burkitt, E. (2004). Drawing conclusions from children’s art. The Psychologist, 17, 566-568. Cherney et al. (2006). Children’s drawings: A mirror to their minds. Educational Psychology, 26 (1), 12 7-142. Chia, N. (2006, October 26). Understand your children through their drawings.LESNET Web Blog. Retrieved December 12, 2012, from http://www. lsesnet. com/blog/? p=28 Freeman, N, H. & Janikoun, R. (1972). Intellectual realism in children’s drawings of a familiar object with distinctive features. Child Development, 43 (3), 1116-1121. Grieve, R. & Hughes, M. (1991). Understanding children. 140-144. Luquet. (1927). Stage Theory of Drawing Meadows, S. (1993). Children’s drawings. The child as a thinker. The development and acquisition of cognition in childhood. 94-96. Thomas, G. & Silk,A. (1990). An introduction to the psychology of children’s drawings. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Self-Reflective Assessment 1/ How did you search for and identify suitable reading for this assignment? Has your reading been sufficiently wide enough and does it make good use of peer-reviewed sources? I used Google scholar, e-library, books from the library and the refere nces provided in the lecture PowerPoint slides to find suitable reading on children’s drawings and children’s minds and it was sufficiently wide enough. All readings were suitable and related to the essay question. 2/ How does your Introduction orientate the reader? How well do you identify the purpose and scope of the essay, and outline your thesis?My introduction orientates the reader because I stated what the essay was about in general and I stated how it has been addressed by previous researchers. I identified the purpose of the essay well as I addressed the main issue of how it is believed that children’s drawings can explain a child’s cognitions. My thesis was outlined well as I summarised the structure of the essay and what it will include. 3/ What evidence have you used to support your argument and the points or claims you make? Are your sources reliable, and have you cited these at appropriate points throughout the essay using APA style?I used AP A style to cite my sources throughout my essay. I have used evidence from previous studies conducted, journals and books to support my arguments and points made. These are all very reliable sources and have been put in my reference section also. 4/ How well have you critically evaluated your material? I tried to criticise and argue to an extent against as many points and argument as I possibly could in my essay so that more viewpoints come across giving me more to evaluate. 5/ How well have you answered the question and avoided unnecessary digression or irrelevant content?I believe that all of my contents are relevant to the question in one way or another. Every point relates back to what the children’s drawing can tell us about their mind and tried also to explain why when possible. 6/ How well does your conclusion summarise the overall argument and round off the essay? The conclusion summarises the overall argument well as it includes all the main, important parts from each study rounded up into one to make an overall conclusion. The essay is rounded off with a final and straight, simple answer to the essay question. .

How Houston Is Affected By 5 Themes Of Geography Essay

Andrew Minh Khang Nguyen How Houston Is Affected By 5 Themes Of Geography Houston is affected greatly, influenced by, and is shaped by the 5 crucial themes of geography. Not only that, Houston thrives by and grows by the major themes of geography. All the important themes of geography; Location, Places, Human/Environment Interactions, Movement, and Regions, effect and make Houston as a city of it is today. It is because of these themes that make Houston one of the most positive locations to live in. Where is Houston, Texas exactly, or its absolute location? It is at 29.7628 degrees North, 95.3831†¦show more content†¦While the average high in January, the coldest month, is 62.9  °F (17.2  °C) and the low 43.2  °F (6.2  °C), Houston sees an average of 18 days per year of freezing temperatures. Snow is extremely unusual in Houston. Light snow has fallen approximately 35 times since 1895. Houston has a very diverse and distributed population of 49.3% White (including Hispanic Latino), 25.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 5.3% Asian), 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from other races, and 3.2% from 2 or more races. 37% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Racial and ethnic diversity in Houston increases further from the center of the city. Houston has had a troubled past with pollution of many types, mainly of its oil and petrochemical industries, which leading contributors to the city’s economy. As a result, Houston introduced many programs since the 2000 federal order to reduce air pollution in the city, particularly the METRORAIL light rail project. Heat stroke can strike people who stay out of doors for long periods of time during the summer so hydration is essential for outdoor work and recreational activity. Most workers are relatively unaffected by the heat since they spend the hottest part of the day indoors in air conditioning. Air conditioning is considered an essential for the growth of Houston in 1950 when it became the most air-conditioned city in the world. What is Houston’s economy based on, what are theShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of Professional Baseball1553 Words   |  7 Pages How Did the Expansion of Professional Baseball Relate to the Time Period? Perry Wilson Geography I Baseball has evolved from a regional sport in the 1850’s to a national sport today. In this paper I will discuss the expansion of baseball and how the challenges of various time periods relate to the number of teams and their location. There are three main reasons that baseball’s history relates strongly to the geographical theme of location. First, when baseball was an emerging sport in the lateRead MoreGe- Introduction and Corporate Strategies over the Years6213 Words   |  25 PagesThomas Alva Edison started laboratory in New Jersey that dealt with electrical devices. 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WorldCom Fraud Case Essay - 2223 Words

In 1983, while in a small coffee shop in Hattiesburg Mississippi, Bernard Ebbers developed the business concept that would eventually become the second largest long distance telephone company in the United States, WorldCom (Romar and Calkins). In 2002, the company that Bernard Ebbers grew from the ground up declared the largest bankruptcy in United States history. The unethical and illegal accounting treatments that WorldCom participated in eventually led to the demise of the company and a new company, MCI, rising from the rubble of what was WorldCom. There were two main issues that provided pressure for the senior executives at WorldCom to commit fraud. WorldCom became the second largest long distance telephone company because of its†¦show more content†¦The acquisition on MCI provides just one example of how WorldCom’s senior management failing at meeting these merger and acquisition challenges. When a long-time WorldCom customer called one of the newly acquired MCI customer service centers, he was told that he was not a customer, and if he was, he had called the wrong office because the office he called only handled MCI accounts (Moberg and Romar). There is no doubt that WorldCom had significant talent in buying out competitors, but the company was clearly not up to the task of merging the companies (Moberg and Romar). â€Å"Dozens of conflicting computer systems remained, local systems were repetitive and failed to work together properly, and billing systems were not coordinated† (Moberg and Romar). The aggressive acquisition strategy that WorldCom was implementing was put into jeopardy in 2002 when the federal government refused to let WorldCom acquire Sprint (Moberg and Romar). This denial forced WorldCom to focus on creating value from their previously acquired companies that were already poor performing because the mergers were done so carelessly (Moberg and Romar). The second issue that provided the pressure for senior exe cutives to commit fraud was the sweetheart loans that were made to senior executives. Bernie Ebbers, the CEO of WorldCom was offered generous stock options and purchases (Moberg and Romar). This is not necessarily aShow MoreRelatedThe Case About Accounting Fraud At Worldcom1964 Words   |  8 Pagesthe analysis of the case about Accounting Fraud at WorldCom Group member: Weichuan Xu Miao zhou 1. What are the pressures that lead executives and managers to cook the books? Firstly, one of the pressure is the company’s goal that was made by the top executive Ebbers. There is an economic recession and the bubble collapse which make the conditions deteriorate in 2012. He thinks that the company should focus on being the NO.1 stock on Wall street rather than the company’s really good operationRead MoreAccounting Scandal of Worldcom940 Words   |  4 PagesMANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING WORLDCOM How did it cook the books? 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The Economic Risks Of Argentina - 1013 Words

Argentina has had a very interesting, unpredictable, and faulty economic system is the last century. The country has seen everything from economic superiority in South America to the greatest depression in their current history. Argentina’s economy hit rock bottom in the year of 2002, but in 2012 and the beginning of 2014 Argentina’s government has put into place more strict and reasonable economic policy. (The World FactBook, 2014) This country has the resources to become an emerging economy and join its neighbor, Brazil, in the emerging markets of the world. As of right now, Argentina’s economic growth rate, as measure by GDP (Gross Domestic Product), is trending upwards, but that could be a deceiving trend for companies looking to do business ,and invest, in Argentina. (The World FactBook, 2014) Economic Risks of Doing Business in Argentina Even though Argentina is showing signs of growth, the risk of investing in and doing business in the country is still very high. Euler Hermes, an economic research company, rates the risk level of doing business in Argentina as a D4. (Cazalets, 2014)A D4 rating is the highest risk rating that a country is able to receive. Since this country has such a high risk rating right now, businesses should be cautious and require a high return when investing their assets into the country. If a company is looking for ease of doing business in a South American market, Argentina would be the last country on their list. (World Bank Group, 2014)Show MoreRelatedPolicy Risk of Argentina1307 Words   |  5 Pages Policy risk of Argentina Budgetary policy is lacking of rigor due to the conflict among departments and the restricted import policy. Argentina’s policy remained a controversial conflict between executive department and congress. 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Big Data Threat Landscape Of Europe - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1) Provide a brief overview of the case study and prepare a diagram for the ENISA Big Data security infrastructure.2) Out of the Top threats which threat would you regard to be the most significant and why?3) Identify and discuss the key Threat Agents. What could be done to minimize their impact on the system? Based on the data provided, discuss the trends in threat probability.4)How could the ETL process be improved? Discuss.5) To sum up, should ENISA be satisfied with its current state of IT Security? Why? Or Why not Answers: Answer 1: ENISA is known as the European Union for Network and Information Security. It is a centre in Europe which consists of expertise of information and network security to protect the member states, citizens of Europe and the private sector of the country.To maintain a good practice for the security of information, ENISA gives recommendations and advices to the organizations and the sectors. The work of ENISA is to improve the condition of critical network and information infrastructure of Europe and helps to implement the relevant legislation of Europe. The Europe member states are enhanced by ENISA by giving a support to the development of communities of cross border to improve the information and network security of Europe. This case study deals with the Big Data Threat Landscape of Europe. Big data are used to organize the data that are stored in the data storage of the organizations and enterprises. Big data deals with group of algorithms, system and technology that are used to collect the data that are unorganized and have a large variety. There are many sources of big data (Bartsch Frey, 2017). The data providers or the generators for big data are sensors of distributed multimedia for Internet of Things, networks and devices of mobile telecommunication, applications of web based and processes that involve distributed business. The use of big data have increased day by day which results in the improvement of the algorithms, system and technology that are associated with big data so that it can reach to a higher level of maturity and development. This case study analyses the threats of all the classes of big data asset that are identified. They are as follows: Threats that are related with big data are different from the threats that that are related to ordinary data. New type of data leakage, degradation and leakage are specific to big data are introduced for outsourcing the frequency of computation of big data and also for replicating the storage of big data. Specific data protection and privacy impacts are there for the big data (Bastl, Mare Tvrd, 2105). The links for data collection is required for parallelization in big data but the data that are additional creates data breaches and leakages. The interest that different owners of assets which include data transformers, providers for storage services, computation and data owners are different and they conflict within themselves (Bendiek, 2015). This makes the situation complex where there is a need of counter measure for security which is to be executed and planned. Simple security and privacy practice would help to decrease the security and privacy risk in the sector of big data. Securities that are stated by default principle can be highly embraced. There is also a comparative study between the counter measures that are identified for big data and the threats that are identified for big data in this case study. The drawback of present counter measure of big data and the requirements for the development of the counter measures that are needed in future are also discussed (Catteddu Hogben, 2015). The trend for present counter measures that are used to adapt the solutions that already exists against the traditional information threats in the environment of big data which mainly focuses on the amount of data is given briefly. The scalability issues are mainly satisfied by this method and does not suits the peculiarities of big data. Big data threat landscape and good practice guide gives an overall discussion about the security that are used in the security process of big data (Christou, 2017). The assets of big data, threats that are exposed to the assets, the agents of threats, risks and vulnerabilities and good practices that are emerged from the researchers in field of big data are studies in this case. The diagram that elaborates the infrastructure of big data that evolves in ENISA (European Union for Network and Information Security) is given below. Figure: ENISA Big Data Security Infrastructure Answer 2: The top threats that are identified in the landscape of big data are of categorized in five groups: Group 1- Loss of information or the damage that is done unintentionally or IT asset threat: The threats that are not caused intentionally are mainly under this category (Eininger, Skopik Fiedler, 2015). The threats that falls under this type of category are: sharing of information or leakage of information that are caused by human errors, information leakage that are caused due to web applications which are mainly caused by the APIs that are unsecured, incorrect adaptation or planning and design that are inadequate. Group 2- Hijacking, interception and eavesdropping: This threat group threat includes changing, manipulating and alteration of communications that happens between two users or parties. Installations of excess software or application tools are not needed for the victims to alter the information (Exchange, 2016). The threats that falls under this category are: information interception is most common of all the threats that are faced by big data. The inter node communications that are related to big data are considered as unsecured that uses big data tool for communicating. Group 3- Nefarious activities and abuse: The threat that comes from the nefarious activities comes under this group of threat (Hnisch Rogge, 2017). The attacker performs action to alter the victims infrastructure with the use of special tools, application or software. The threats that falls under the nefarious activities are: identity fraud, denial of services, infected code, activity or software, using rogue certificates and generations, audit tools that are misused, unauthorized activities and authorization abuse, processes that fails in business. Group 4- Legal threats: The threats of big data that comes from legal implications are that includes regulations and violation of laws, fails to meet the requirements of the contract, legislation of data breach, using intellectual property that are mainly unauthorized, misuse of data that are personal and lastly to obey the court orders and judiciary decisions (Jentzsch, 2016). The threats that are categorized under this group are: violation of regulations and laws, personal data abuse or legislation breach. Group 5- Organizational threats: The threat that comes from the organizational environment is called organizational threats (Kleineidam et al., 2017). The threat that includes in this section is skill shortage. Huge data sets helps to analyze the decrease of innovation and growth productivity of the company. This threat also helps to unlock significant values. Most significant threat- The most significant threat among all five groups of threats is the nefarious activity or abuse group (Kubicek Diederich, 2015). The threat that comes from the nefarious activities comes under this group of threat. The attacker performs action to alter the victims infrastructure with the use of special tools, application or software. The threats that falls under the nefarious activities are: identity fraud, denial of services, infected code, activity or software, using rogue certificates and generations, audit tools that are misused, unauthorized activities and authorization abuse, processes that fails in business. The attackers that target the victims send infected code or some links that to the email ids of the victims. The infected codes that are sent to the victims seem as if they are original code or links that are sent from a known authorized user. The attack hides its identity (Lanfer, 2017). When the user clicks on the links or tries to run the code on own system, the system gets affected and all the personal information and data gets transfer to the attacker and even attacker gets the control of the victims system. Sometimes, after the attack, the attacker even denies that an attack has already occurred leaving no evidence behind. This type of attack is very difficult to identify. Answer 3: Threat Agents are those who are an individual or a group of people that helps to manifest a threat. It is difficult to detect for the victims that from which agent the threats have actually arrived. Threats Agents are: Corporations: The organizations or enterprises that are engaged with tactics or systems those are offensive (Reuter, 2015). In this type of threat agent, the corporations are known as the agents of hostile threat. The main motive of the corporations is to make advantages that are related to competition over the competitors. Cyber Criminals: Cyber criminals are hostile naturally. The main motive of cyber criminals is to gain financially and level of skills of cyber criminals are quite high. All the levels including local, international and national levels are organized by cyber criminals. Cyber Terrorists: The activities of cyber terrorists are expanded and are engaged in cyber attack. The motivation of cyber terrorists can be both as religious and political (Schaumller-Bichl Kolberger, 2106). The capabilities of this threat agent differ from high to low. The critical infrastructures are mainly targeted by the cyber terrorist that includes telecommunications, energy production and public health. Hacktivists: These agents are mainly individuals that take the help of the computer system to promote and protest their cause of hacking. The targets of hackers of online social media are high profile websites, intelligence agencies, military institutions and corporations. Script Kiddies: Script Kiddies are agents that use the process of cyber attack just for fun. Their intention is not to harm other but to just hack for fun. They are usually unskilled who uses programs and scripts to attack networks and computer systems or the servers. Employees: Employees include contractors, organizational staffs and even the security guards of the company (Schneider, 2017). The resource of the company is accessed by the insider employees of the company. Employees are both hostile and non hostile agents of a company. They have some amount of knowledge that helps to attack the assets of their company. Nation States: Nation States have cyber capabilities that are offensive and use these capabilities against adversary. Due to deployment of attacks that are sophisticated, nation state agents have become prominent. These are also known as cyber weapons. Minimize the impact of Threat agents: To minimize the impact of threat agents, certain mitigation processes are used. One of the main processes to mitigate the impact of threat agents is the process of cryptography. The cryptography process is used to prevent the access of unauthorized user and unintentional leakage of data that are sensitive and also the systems. The impact of agents that are related to threats can also be minimized by using secured APIs, planning or designing inadequately, adaptation of improper software. Using processing platforms that are trustworthy are also recommended to mitigate the impact of threat agents (Silva, Rocha Guimaraes, 2016). The big data should be hosted with the ISP or the cloud provider should also be implemented to prevent attacks to cyber space. All the infrastructure should be kept safe by the manufacturers so that the insider threats may not affect the companys infrastructure. Strong hashing function should be implemented in the cloud structure instead of collision and weak pr one hashing algorithm. Answer 4: The European Threat Landscape can be improved by the following ways: If stored processes are used In ETL processing, then a copy of all the input parameters are to be stored in internal variables. The server of SQL often faces parameter sniffing when it exhibits plan of query execution. The number of joins and CTEs are to be limited while working with a single query. The query optimizer starts to choose plans that are sub optimal in SQL server. The update option of auto statistics of the database that is been used should be checked and turned on. The database should always be kept updated. A step should be attached at the end of all the jobs so that the indexes are rebuilt of the reporting tables. The indexes are kept sure using this process. Parallel thread should be utilized to check the ETL logic scheduling (Stupka, Hork Husk, 2017) It is not suggested to all the code at the same time if the codes are not connected to each other. This helps to save time. The ETL code should not be operated with cursor. Cursors should not be used in any ETL processes that are scheduled regularly. The European Threat Landscape should be planned for long term so that it does not get expires in short period of time. The process of ETL should be kept updated along with the updated threats because the agents of threats keep on improving itself with time (Unger, 2014). New attacks are invented with every new attack that is carried out. So to cope with those, the defenders of the attack should be kept updated Answer 5: The current state of ENISA security provides a very good security to the organizations. To maintain a good practice for the security of information, ENISA gives recommendations and advices to the organizations and the sectors. The work of ENISA is to improve the condition of critical network and information infrastructure of Europe and helps to implement the relevant legislation of Europe (Weber Weber, 2015). The Europe member states are enhanced by ENISA by giving a support to the development of communities of cross border to improve the information and network security of Europe. To minimize the impact of threat agents, certain mitigation processes are used. One of the main processes to mitigate the impact of threat agents is to improve the process of cryptography. The cryptography process is used to prevent the access of unauthorized user and unintentional leakage of data that are sensitive and also the systems. The impact of agents that are related to threats can also be minimiz ed by using secured APIs, planning or designing inadequately, adaptation of improper software. Using processing platforms that are trustworthy are also recommended to mitigate the impact of threat agents. The big data should be hosted with the ISP or the cloud provider should also be implemented to prevent attacks to cyber space. The entire infrastructure should be kept safe by the manufacturers so that the insider threats may not affect the companys infrastructure. Strong hashing function should be implemented in the cloud structure instead of collision and weak prone hashing algorithm (Witt Freudenberg, 2016). The mobile internet should be kept secured which has increased to 44 percent of the total incidents that were reported. Because of the technical failures and system failures 70 percent of the attack occurs. The root cause of the cyber attacks are because of technical failures and system failures. The attacks happen mainly because of stations based on mobile and routers and switches. Human errors are also one of the main causes in making the ENISA not a successful one. Almost accounting 2.6 million connection of user are affected to cyber attack due to human error. References Bartsch, M., Frey, S. (2017).State-of-the-art approaches.Incyber strategies for enterprises and authorities(pp. 55-71).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Bastl, M., Mare, M., Tvrd, K. (2015).Cybersecurity policy at national, European and international level: a framework analysis.Incyber security(pp. 45-67).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Bendiek, A. (2015, December).Digital Agenda and Cybersecurity.In theYearbook of European Integration 2015(pp. 176-181).Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Catteddu, D., Hogben, G. (2015). Cloud computing.Benefits, Risks and Recommendations for Information Security/European Network and Information Security Agency, ENISA (November 2015). Christou, G. (2017).The EU's Approach to Cybersecurity. Eininger, K., Skopik, F., Fiedler, R. (2015).No cyber security without data protection.Data protection and data security,39(11), 723-729. Exchange, p. (2016).Violation of personal rights through the publication of photos on the Internet.Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Hnisch, T., Rogge, S. (2017).IT security in the industry 4.0.InIndustrie 4.0(pp. 91-98).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Jentzsch, N. (2016).Competition policy in digital markets: Should data protection play a role?(No. 94).DIW Roundup: Policy in focus. Kleineidam, G., Schmid, LJ, Krasser, M., Koch, B. (2017).Critical infrastructure security requirements for information and communication technology from the perspective of a utility company.e i Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,134(1), 3-13. Kubicek, H., Diederich, G. (2015).Online banking in comparison.InSecurity in Online Banking(pp. 7-19).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Lanfer, J. (2017).Cyber-security and the (impotence) power of the state.Insecurity production between state, market and civil society(pp. 47-72).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Reuter, C. (2015).Operational Continuity Management in Small and Medium Business Smart Services for Industry 4.0.Mensch und Computer 2015-Workshopband. Schaumller-Bichl, I., Kolberger, A. (2016).Information Security Risk Analysis in complex systems-new challenges and solutions.InGI anniversary(pp. 609-617). Schneider, F. (2017).Reporting requirements in IT security law.Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Silva, KC, Rocha, AA, Guimaraes, FQ (2016, May).Trust in the Cloud from the Sec-SLA in various models as deployment and service.InProceedings of the XII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems on Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems: Information Systems in the Cloud Computing Era Volume 1(pp. 329-336).Brazilian Computer Society. Stupka, V., Hork, M., Husk, M. (2017, August).Protection of personal data in security alert sharing platforms.InProceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security(p.65).ACM. Unger, WJ (2014).Cyber Defense - a national challenge.S F Security and Peace,32(1), 8-16. Weber, A., Weber, D. (2015, December).Governance of critical information technology in open networks.InResponsible Innovation(pp. 151-164).Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Witt, T., Freudenberg, P. (2016).NIS policy.Computer and Law,32(10), 657.

Rail Yard Hymns by Burnside Hooker free essay sample

The sensational debut album of indie acoustic band Burnside Hooker has arrived! A play on the names of two Confederate Civil War generals – Ambrose Burnside and Joseph Hooker – their â€Å"Rail Yard Hymns† marches on like an army. And pumped with country flavor, modern sound, and outright fun, it’s a hotspot for musical fun and fiesta. Even better, the band sounds great. Lead singer Rachel Bonacquisti dazzles every song with a crowning, magnificent voice. But each song is defined by more than the swinging lyrics. Fantastically acoustic and tangible, each song opens up in a new light with ever-dashing instrumentals. Time to lay down your synth-zapping headphones, bud. Actual guitar, viola, drums, cello, and bass shake up the squeeze-line boundaries of what makes country music American, even edging into jazzier realms on occasion. Everything’s so loose and raw (and cough, cough, unedited) that you’re bound to sigh in relief before you run up to cheer on the show. We will write a custom essay sample on Rail Yard Hymns by Burnside Hooker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An excitable mix of 10 songs rubs off authentically and sweetly Americana, not to mention that each has an unforgettable story. Opening credits â€Å"Seasick Woman† and â€Å"Ophelia† establish volatile, sizzling soundscapes filled with equal parts howl and haunt. â€Å"Red Betty† is like a classic jaunt into a playful downtown nightclub. â€Å"Strangers† has the ability to make you feel reminiscent euphoria; it’s exciting, bittersweet, and empowering. â€Å"Scars† is ultraviolet energy, lights twinkling then cat-eye fierce. â€Å"Taps† is like a gentle indie anthem, and â€Å"Logan Square† marks the end of a thrilling evolution of sound, the jolly ukulele taking care to promise (thank goodness) a return. It’s final; this album’s lessons, love, and lust offer real hymns to live by.